Research Field

Ligands & Signaling Molecules

Nucleic acids serve as immune ligands and signaling molecules that coordinate cellular responses to internal and external cues.

A - Emerging Nucleic Acid Functions
A3

Description

Nucleic acids play dual roles in cellular defense and communication: they can act as ligands that signal the presence of non-self entities and as molecules that transmit signals within and between cells. This research area examines how specialized receptors and restriction factors distinguish foreign nucleic acids from self, and how these recognition mechanisms initiate protective responses while preventing harmful autoreactivity.

A major focus is the molecular basis of nucleic acid sensing, including the interactions between nucleic acids and pattern recognition receptors, the organization of sensing complexes, and the mechanisms by which restriction factors counter potential threats. The research also investigates nucleic acids as signaling molecules, particularly their roles in amplifying and transmitting information downstream of sensing pathways. By identifying novel signaling molecules, receptors, and targets, the project aims to uncover fundamental principles of nucleic acid–based communication across biological systems and determine how these pathways regulate cellular responses.

Area A3

Researchers

A3
B2
B3
Associated Investigator

Prof. Dr.

John Briggs

Director Department Cell and Virus Structure

Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie

A3
Principal Investigator

Prof. Dr.

Carina de Oliveira Mann

Professor of Biomolecular Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies, TUM School of Natural Sciences

Technische Universität München

A3
B3
Principal Investigator
Steering Committee

Prof. Dr.

Karl-Peter Hopfner

Chair of Biochemistry, Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

A3
Principal Investigator
Speaker
Steering Committee

Prof. Dr.

Veit Hornung

Chair of Immunobiochemistry, Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

A3
B2
A1
Principal Investigator

Prof. Dr.

Andreas Pichlmair

Professor of Viral Immunopathology, Institute of Virology, TUM School of Medicine and Health

Technische Universität München

A3
B2
C3
Principal Investigator

Prof. Dr.

Ulrike Protzer

Chair of Virology, Director, Institute of Virology, TUM School of Medicine and Health

Technische Universität München

Area A3

Publications

A lipid "glue" for STING oligomers.

Sun, Z.; Hornung, V.

Cell Res. · 2026

STING Ablation in T Cells Is Required for the Efficacy of STING Agonists in CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy of Pancreatic Cancer.

Piseddu, I.; Endres, R.; Lanzl, F.; Hammann, L.; Bérouti, M.; Thaler, M.; Fahr, L.; Fischer, H.; Varlamova, V.; Gärtig, J.; Nixdorf, D.; Layritz, P.; Marx, C.; Hörth, C.; Witte, C.; Bulut, A.; Illig, D.; Senz, AM.; Holdt, L.; Regel, I.; Gottschlich, A.; Subklewe, M.; Mayerle, J.; Anz, D.; Kobold, S.; Linder, A.; Hornung, V.

Gastroenterology. · 2026

Show abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown great potential in hematological cancers, but lack efficacy in solid tumors, highlighting the need for novel strategies. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation was shown to inflame the tumor microenvironment, but combination of STING agonists and CAR-T cells might be limited by detrimental outcomes of T cell-intrinsic STING activation. In this study, we evaluated the potential of combining STING agonists and CAR-T cells in the context of pancreatic cancer.

An inhibitory RNA checkpoint in TLR7 and TLR8.

Bérouti, M.; Hornung, V.

Nat Immunol. · 2026